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14 CFR § 61.113

Volume 2 · Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations, 2025 edition.

Private pilot privileges and limitations: Pilot in command

Sec.  61.113  Private pilot privileges and limitations: Pilot in command.

    (a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b) through (h) of this 
section, no person who holds a private pilot certificate may act as 
pilot in command of an aircraft that is carrying passengers or property 
for compensation or hire; nor may that person, for compensation or hire, 
act as pilot in command of an aircraft.
    (b) A private pilot may, for compensation or hire, act as pilot in 
command of an aircraft in connection with any business or employment if:
    (1) The flight is only incidental to that business or employment; 
and
    (2) The aircraft does not carry passengers or property for 
compensation or hire.
    (c) A private pilot may not pay less than the pro rata share of the 
operating expenses of a flight with passengers, provided the expenses 
involve only fuel, oil, airport expenditures, or rental fees.
    (d) A private pilot may act as pilot in command of a charitable, 
nonprofit, or community event flight described in Sec.  91.146, if the 
sponsor and pilot comply with the requirements of Sec.  91.146.
    (e) A private pilot may be reimbursed for aircraft operating 
expenses that are directly related to search and location operations, 
provided the expenses involve only fuel, oil, airport expenditures, or 
rental fees, and the operation is sanctioned and under the direction and 
control of:
    (1) A local, State, or Federal agency; or
    (2) An organization that conducts search and location operations.
    (f) A private pilot who is an aircraft salesman and who has at least 
200



hours of logged flight time may demonstrate an aircraft in flight to a 
prospective buyer.
    (g) A private pilot who meets the requirements of Sec.  61.69 may 
act as a pilot in command of an aircraft towing a glider or unpowered 
ultralight vehicle.
    (h) A private pilot may act as pilot in command for the purpose of 
conducting a production flight test in a light-sport aircraft intended 
for certification in the light-sport category under Sec.  21.190 of this 
chapter, provided that--
    (1) The aircraft is a powered parachute or a weight-shift-control 
aircraft;
    (2) The person has at least 100 hours of pilot-in-command time in 
the category and class of aircraft flown; and
    (3) The person is familiar with the processes and procedures 
applicable to the conduct of production flight testing, to include 
operations conducted under a special flight permit and any associated 
operating limitations.
    (i) A private pilot may act as pilot in command or serve as a 
required flightcrew member of an aircraft without holding a medical 
certificate issued under part 67 of this chapter provided the pilot 
holds a valid U.S. driver's license, meets the requirements of Sec.  
61.23(c)(3), and complies with this section and all of the following 
conditions and limitations:
    (1) The aircraft is authorized to carry not more than 7 occupants, 
has a maximum takeoff weight of not more than 12,500 pounds, is operated 
with no more than 6 passengers on board, and is not a transport category 
rotorcraft certified to airworthiness standards under part 29 of this 
chapter; and
    (2) The flight, including each portion of the flight, is not carried 
out--
    (i) At an altitude that is more than 18,000 feet above mean sea 
level;
    (ii) Outside the United States unless authorized by the country in 
which the flight is conducted; or
    (iii) At an indicated airspeed exceeding 250 knots; and
    (3) The pilot has available in his or her logbook--
    (i) The completed medical examination checklist required under Sec.  
68.7 of this chapter; and
    (ii) The certificate of course completion required under Sec.  
61.23(c)(3).

[Docket 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997, as amended by Amdt. 61-110, 69 
FR 44869, July 27, 2004; Amdt. 61-115, 72 FR 6910, Feb. 13, 2007; Amdt. 
61-125, 75 FR 5220, Feb. 1, 2010; Docket FAA-2016-9157, Amdt. 61-140, 82 
FR 3165, Jan. 11, 2017; Docket FAA-2021-1040, Amdt. 61-152, 87 FR 71237, 
Nov. 22, 2022; Docket FAA-2024-2580, Amdt. 61-158, 89 FR 90577, Nov. 18, 
2024]

U.S. Government work — public domain (17 U.S.C. §105). Reproduced from the checksummed 2025 annual edition of Title 14; always confirm against the current eCFR.

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