Dead reckoning

Computing position from heading, groundspeed, time, and distance.

As taught in Pilotage, Dead Reckoning and Time-Speed-Distance (Navigation and Sectional Charts) — a free lesson with cited FAA sources.

Navigation computed from heading, groundspeed, and elapsed time.

As taught in Building the Route: Checkpoints and Navigation Methods (Cross-Country Flight Planning) — a free lesson with cited FAA sources.